Lex Capitalocenae
Cheap Nature and the Emergence of Legal Naturalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2025.1282Keywords:
World-Ecology, Transition Debate, International Law, Natural Law, Civilizing ProjectAbstract
Lex Capitalocenae addresses a lacuna in the Transition Debate by reconstructing the origins of international law in the formation of the capitalist world-ecology in the long sixteenth century (c. 1450–1650). In doing so, this paper bridges a rift in Marxist legal scholarship between the commodity form theorists who emphasize the importance of doctrine and the social property form theorists who stress the determinative role of legal practices. Unacknowledged in this exchange is Wallerstein’s historical-geographic account of the transition and its development by Moore into a political Marxism on a world-scale. Through this perspective, I empirically narrate the centrality of legal transformations surrounding property, territoriality, and Naturalism. The formation of capitalism as a world-ecology, as a way of organizing human and extra-human life, cannot be understood without accounting for the emergence of its legal infrastructure and its dualistic source code—Civilization and Nature—amidst the long sixteenth century. It was only through the failure of the Spanish imperial project that concepts of property, territoriality, and Natural law were revolutionized to create the juridical basis for the capitalist world-ecology and its political structure of nation-states. This geohistorical reconstruction of law, life, and the rise of capitalism allows us to better grasp contemporary debates over planetary law in the climate crisis.
References
Adorno, Rolena. 2007. The Polemics of Possession in Spanish American Narrative. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Amin, Samir. 1976. Unequal Development. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Anaya, S. James. 2004. Indigenous Peoples in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Anderson, Perry. 1974. Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism. London: New Left Books.
Angus, Ian. 2016. Facing the Anthropocene. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Antonacci, John Peter. 2021. “Periodizing the Capitalocene as Polemocene: Militarized Ecologies of Accumulation in the Long Sixteenth Century.” Journal of World- Systems Research 27(2):437–67.
Arrighi, Giovanni. [1994] 2010. The Long Twentieth Century. London: Verso.
von Arx, Susan. 1997. “An Examination of E. B. Pashukanis’s ‘General Theory of Law and Marxism.’” PhD Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo.
Aston, T. H., and C. H. E. Philpin, eds. 1987. The Brenner Debate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Auz, Juan. 2023. “The Political Ecology of Earth System Law: Outlining a Lex Capitalocenae.” Wisconsin International Law Journal 40(2):217–44.
Baber, R. Jovita. 2011. “Law, Land, and Legal Rhetoric in Colonial New Spain.” Pp. 41–62 in Native Claims, edited by S. Belmessous. Oxford University Press.
Bentancor, Orlando. 2017. The Matter of Empire. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Benton, Lauren. 2011. “Possessing Empire: Iberian Claims and Interpolity Law.” Pp. 19–40 in Native Claims, edited by S. Belmessous. Oxford University Press.
Benton, Lauren, and Benjamin Straumann. 2010. “Acquiring Empire by Law: From Roman Doctrine to Early Modern European Practice.” Law and History Review 28(1):1–38. doi: 10.1017/S0738248009990022.
Birrell, Kathleen, and Daniel Matthews. 2020. “Re-Storying Laws for the Anthropocene.” Law and Critique 31(3):275–92. doi: 10.1007/s10978-020-09274-8.
Blomley, Nicholas. 2003. “Law, Property, and the Geography of Violence.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93(1):121–41.
Braudel, Fernand. 1981. Civilization and Capitalism, 15-18th Century, Vol. I. New York: Harper and Row.
_____. 1984. Civilization and Capitalism, 15-18th Century, Vol. III. London, UK: Collins.
Braverman, Henry. [1974] 1998. Labor and Monopoly Capital. 25th Anniversary Edition. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Brenner, Robert. 1976. “Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe.” Past & Present (70):30–75.
_____. 1977. “The Origins of Capitalist Development.” New Left Review (I/104):25–92.
_____. 1985. “The Agrarian Roots of European Capitalism.” Pp. 213–327 in The Brenner Debate, edited by T. H. Aston and C. H. E. Philpin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
_____. 2001. “The Low Countries in the Transition to Capitalism.” Journal of Agrarian Change 1(2):169–241. doi: 10.1111/1471-0366.00007.
Brinkerhoff, Thomas J. 2016. “Reexamining the Lore of the ‘Archetypal Conquistador’: Hernán Cortés and the Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire, 1519-1521.” The History Teacher 49(2):169–87.
Brooke, John L., ed. 2014. A Global Antiquity, 500 BC–AD 542. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, E. H. Phelps, and Sheila V. Hopkins. 1959. “Builders’ Wage-Rates, Prices and Population: Some Further Evidence.” Economica 26(101):18–38. doi: 10.2307/2551488.
Burdon, Peter D. 2014. Earth Jurisprudence. London: Routledge.
_____. 2020. “Ecological Law in the Anthropocene.” Transnational Legal Theory 11(1–2):33–46. doi: 10.1080/20414005.2020.1748483.
_____. 2023. The Anthropocene. London: Routledge.
Caraccioli, Maru José. 2021. Writing the New World. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
Council of Castile. [1510] 2006. “Requerimiento.”
Cross, Harry. 1983. “South American Bullion Productoon and Export, 1550-1750.” Pp. 397–423 in Precious Metal in the Later Medieval and Early Modern Worlds, edited by J. F. Richards. Durham: Carolina Academic Press.
Crutzen, Paul J. 2002. “Geology of Mankind.” Nature 415(23). doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/415023a.
Curtin, Philip D. 1990. The Plantation Complex in World History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Davenport, Frances G., and Charles Oscar Paullin, eds. 1917. European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Denemark, Robert A., and Kenneth P. Thomas. 1988. “The Brenner-Wallerstein Debate.” International Studies Quarterly 32(1):47–65. doi: 10.2307/2600412.
Descartes, René. 1985. The Philosophical Writings of Descartes. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
_____. [1641] 2013. Meditations on First Philosophy. Broadview Press.
Dickason, Olive Patricia. 1989. “Concepts of Sovereignty at the Time of First Contacts.” Pp. 143–295 in The Law of Nations and the New World. Alberta: University of Alberta Press.
Dimick, Matthew. 2021. “Pashukanis’ Commodity-Form Theory of Law.” Pp. 115–38 in Research Handbook on Law and Marxism. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dobb, Maurice. [1946] 1963. Studies in the Development of Capitalism. New York: International Publishers.
Dumbauld, Edward. 1969. The Life and Legal Writings of Hugo Grotius. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
Fagan, Brian. 1999. Floods, Famines, and Emperors. New York: Basic Books.
Federici, Silvia. 2004. “The Accumulation of Labor and the Degradation of Women.” Pp. 61–131 in Caliban and the Witch. New York: Autonomedia.
Fukuyma, Francis. 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
Furtado, Celso. 1970. Economic Development of Latin America. London: Cambridge University Press.
Gellers, Joshua C. 2021. “Earth System Law and the Legal Status of Non-Humans in the Anthropocene.” Earth System Governance 7(100083):1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.esg.2020.100083.
Graeber, David, and David Wengrow. 2021. The Dawn of Everything. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Grewe, Wilhelm G. [1984] 2000. The Epochs of International Law. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Gross, Leo. 1948. “The Peace of Westphalia, 1648–1948.” American Journal of International Law 42(1):20–41. doi: 10.2307/2193560.
Grotius, Hugo. [1609] 2004. The Free Sea. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.
Grove, Jairus Victor. 2019. Savage Ecology. Durham: Duke University Press.
Hamilton, Earl J. 1929. “American Treasure and the Rise of Capitalism.” Economics 9(27):338–57.
Harvey, David. 2004. “The Principles of Dialectics.” Pp. 125–32 in Critical Strategies for Social Research. Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc.
Hassig, Ross. 1994. Mexico and the Spanish Conquest. New York: Longman.
Haynes, Michael. 1992. “Columbus, The Americas and the Rise of Capitalism.” International Socialism 57(Winter):55–99.
von der Heydt-Coca, Magda. 1999. “When Worlds Collide.” Dialectical Anthropology 24(1):1–43.
Hilton, Rodney H. 1973. Bond Men Made Free. New York: The Viking Press.
_____, ed. 1976. The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism. London: New Left Books.
İdiman, Çağrı. 2022a. “Tributary World-Ecologies, Part I.” Journal of World-Systems Research 28(1):25–52. doi: 10.5195/jwsr.2022.1066.
_____. 2022b. “Tributary World-Ecologies, Part II.” Journal of World-Systems Research 28(2):391–414. doi: 10.5195/jwsr.2022.1122.
Jara, Álvaro. 1965. “Estructuras de colonización y modalidades del tráfico en el Pacífico sur Hispano-Americano.” Pp. 7–45 in Les grades voies maritimes dans le monde, XVe-XiXe sîecles. Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N.
Kain, Roger J. P., and Elizabeth Baigent. 1992. The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State. University of Chicago Press.
Kim, Rakhyun E. 2022. “Taming Gaia 2.0.” The Anthropocene Review 9(3):411–24. doi: 10.1177/20530196211026721.
Koch, Alexander, et al. 2019. “Earth System Impacts of the European Arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492.” Quaternary Science Reviews 207:13–36. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.004.
Kotzé, Louis J. 2019. “Earth System Law for the Anthropocene.” Sustainability 11(6796):1–13. doi: 10.3390/su11236796.
Kotzé, Louis J., and Rakhyun E. Kim. 2019. “Earth System Law: The Juridical Dimensions of Earth System Governance.” Earth System Governance 1(100003):1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.esg.2019.100003.
_____. 2022. “Towards Planetary Nexus Governance in the Anthropocene.” Global Policy 13(S3):86–97. doi: 10.1111/1758-5899.13149.
Kotzé, Louis J., et al. 2022. “Earth System Law: Exploring New Frontiers in Legal Science.” Earth System Governance 11:100126. doi: 10.1016/j.esg.2021.100126.
de Las Casas, Bartolomé. [1552] 1974. In Defense of the Indians. Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press.
Lewis, Simon L., and Mark A. Maslin. 2015. “Defining the Anthropocene.” Nature 519(7542):171–80. doi: 10.1038/nature14258.
Locke, John. [1689] 2015. The Second Treatise of Civil Government. Broadview Press.
Luxemburg, Rosa. [1913] 2003. The Accumulation of Capital. Routledge.
Mantilla, Yuri G. 2022. “The Implementation of the Right to Self-Determination of Aymara and Quechua Indigenous Peoples.” Emory International Law Review 36(2):287–350.
Marx, Karl. 1973. Grundrisse. New York: Penguin Books.
_____. [1894] 1990. Capital, Vol. 1. edited by F. Engels. Penguin Classics.
Marx, Karl, and Frederick Engels. [1932] 2010. “The German Ideology.” Pp. 19–539 in Marx and Engels Collected Works Volume 5 1845-1847. Lawrence & Wishart.
Masefield, G. B. 1967. “Crops and Livestock.” Pp. 276–301 in Cambridge Economic History of Europe, Vol IV, edited by E. E. Rich and C. H. London. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mielants, Eric. 2000. “Perspectives on the Origins of Merchant Capitalism in Europe.” Review of the Fernand Braudel Center 23(2).
Mies, Maria. 1986. Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale. Zed Books.
Miéville, China. 2006. Between Equal Rights. Chicago: Haymarket Books.
_____. 2008. “The Commodity-Form Theory of International Law.” Pp. 92–132 in International Law on the Left, edited by S. Marks. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Moore, Jason W. 2003a. “CAPITALISM AS WORLD-ECOLOGY.” Organization & Environment 16(4):431–58.
_____. 2003b. “Nature and the Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism.” Review: A Journal of the Fernand Braudel Center 26(2):97–172.
_____. 2003c. “The Modern World-System as Environmental History? Ecology and the Rise of Capitalism.” Theory and Society 32(3):307–77.
_____. 2010. “‘This Lofty Mountain of Silver Coudl Conquer the World’: Potosí and the Political Ecology of Underdevelopment, 1545-1800.” The Journal of Philosophical Economics IV(1):58–103.
_____. 2009. “Madeira, Sugar, and the Conquest of Nature in the ‘First’ Sixteenth Century: Part I.” Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 32(4):345–90.
_____. 2015. Capitalism in the Web of Life. New York: Verso.
_____. 2018. “The Capitalocene, Part II.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 45(2):237–79.
_____. 2021a. “Empire, Class & The Origins of Planetary Crisis.” Esboços: Histórias Em Contextos Globais 28(49):740–63. doi: 10.5007/2175-7976.2021.e83493.
_____. 2021b. “Opiates of the Environmentlists?” polenekoloji.org. Retrieved September 9, 2022 (https://polenekoloji.org/opiates-of-the-environmentalists-anthropocene-illusions-planetary-management-the-capitalocene-alternative/).
_____. 2022a. “Anthropocene, Capitalocene & the Flight from World History.” Nordia Geographical Publications 123–46. doi: 10.30671/nordia.116148.
_____. 2022b. “Power, Profit, and Prometheanism, Part I.” Journal of World-Systems Research 28(2):415–26. doi: 10.5195/jwsr.2022.1140.
_____. 2022c. “Waste and the Limits to Capital.” Emancipations: A Jounral of Critical Social Analysis 2(1):1–45.
_____. 2023a. “Between the Devil & the Deep Blue Marble.” Pp. 65–74 in Image Ecology, edited by K. Schönegg and B. Levin. Leipzig: Spector Books.
_____. 2023b. “Imperialism, With and Without Cheap Nature.” Das Argument (340):39–61.
_____. 2023c. “On Capitalogenic Climate Crisis.” Real-World Economics Review (106):123–34.
_____. 2023d. “There Is No Such Thing as a Technological Accident.” in Technological Accidents, edited by J. Brower and S. van Tuinen. Leiden: V2 Publishing.
_____. 2024. “Climate, Class & Empire: Towards an Ecology of Revolution.” Retrieved May 9, 2024 (https://www.ppesydney.net/climate-class-empire-towards-an-ecology-of-revolution/).
Mumford, Lewis. 1934. Technics and Civilization. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
O’Connor, James R. 1998. Natural Causes. New York: Guilford Press.
Ollman, Bertell. 2003. “The Meaning of Dialectics.” Pp. 11–20 in Dance of the Dialectic: Steps in Marx’s Method. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
O’Neill, Brian F. 2020. “The World Ecology of Desalination.” Journal of World-Systems Research 26(2):318–49. doi: 10.5195/jwsr.2020.987.
Ortiz, Roberto J. 2020. “Financialization, Climate Change, and the Future of the Capitalist World-Ecology.” Soundings 103(2):264–85. doi: 10.5325/soundings.103.2.0264.
_____. 2023. “Weathering the Crisis.” Journal of World-Systems Research 29(2):431–56. doi: 10.5195/jwsr.2023.1159.
Pal, Maïa. 2020. Jurisdictional Accumulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Palat, Ravi Arvind. 2015. The Making of an Indian Ocean World-Economy, 1250-1650: Princes, Paddy Fields, and Bazaars. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Parenti, Christian. 2016. “Environment-Making in the Capitalocene.” Pp. 166–84 in Anthropocene or Capitalocene?, edited by J. W. Moore. Oakland, CA: PM Press.
Parry, J. H. [1966] 1990. The Spanish Seaborne Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Pashukanis, Evgeny. 1980. “International Law.” in Pashukanis, edited by P. Beirne and R. Sharlet. London: Academic Press.
_____. [1924] 2001. The General Theory of Law and Marxism. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Patel, Raj, and Jason W. Moore. 2017. A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things. Oakland, California: University of California Press.
Plumwood, Val. 2002. “Dualism.” Pp. 41–68 in Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. London: Routledge.
Pope Alexander VI. [1493] 1917a. “Doc 5: The Bull Inter Caetera (Alexander VI.). May 3, 1493.” Pp. 56–63 in European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies (1917-1937), edited by F. G. Davenport and C. O. Paullin. Washington, District of Columbia: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
_____. [1493] 1917b. “Doc 6: The Bull Eximiae Devotionis (Alexander VI.). May 3, 1493.” Pp. 64–70 in European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies (1917-1937), edited by F. G. Davenport and C. O. Paullin. Washington, District of Columbia: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
_____. [1493] 1917c. “Doc 7: The Bull Inter Caetera (Alexander VI.). May 4, 1493.” Pp. 71–78 in European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies (1917-1937), edited by F. G. Davenport and C. O. Paullin. Washington, District of Columbia: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Pope Nicholas V. [1455] 1917. “Doc 1: The Bull Romanus Pontifex (Nicholas V.). January 8, 1455.” Pp. 9–26 in European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies (1917-1937), edited by F. G. Davenport and C. O. Paullin. Washington, District of Columbia: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Reséndez, Andrés. 2016. The Other Slavery. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Rockström, Johan, et al. 2009. “A Safe Operating Space for Humanity.” Nature 461(7263):472–75. doi: 10.1038/461472a.
Schmitt, Carl. 1987. “The Legal World Revolution.” Telos 1987(72):73–89.
_____. 1996. “The Land Appropriation of a New World.” Telos 109:29–80.
_____. [1950] 2003. The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of the Jus Publicum Europaeum. New York: Telos Press.
Sepúlveda, Juan Ginés. [1550] 1954. “Democrates Alter, Or, On the Just Causes for War Against the Indians.” Pp. 492–98 in Introduction to Contemporary Civilization. Columbia University Press.
Simpson, Lesley Byrd, and Sherburne Friend Cook. 1948. The Population of Central Mexico in the Sixteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Smith, Michael E. 2001. “The Aztec Empire and the Mesoamerican World-System.” Pp. 128–54 in Empires, edited by S. E. Alcock, T. N. D’Altroy, K. D. Morrison, and C. M. Sinopoli. Cambridge University Press.
Sohn-Rethel, Alfred. [1970] 2021. Intellectual and Manual Labor. Boston: Brill.
Steffen, Will, Paul J. Crutzen, and John R. McNeill. 2007. “The Anthropocene.” Ambio 36(8):614–21.
Stone, Christopher. 1972. “Should Trees Have Standing?” Southern California Law Review 45:450–501.
Sweezy, Paul M., and Maurice Dobb. 1950. “The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism.” Science & Society 14(2):134–67.
Swyngedouw, Erik. 2011. “Depoliticized Environments.” Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 69:253–74. doi: 10.1017/S1358246111000300.
Táíwò, Olúfẹ́mi. 2015. Legal Naturalism. Cornell University Press.
Teschke, Benno. 2003. The Myth of 1648. London: Verso.
Thompson, E. P. [1991] 1993. Customs in Common. London: Penguin Books.
Tigar, Michael E., and Madeleine R. Levy. [1977] 2000. Law and the Rise of Capitalism. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Todorov, Tzvetan. [1982] 1992. The Conquest of America. Harper Perennial.
de Toledo, Fernando Alvarez. [1479] 1917. “Doc 3: Treaty between Spain and Portugal, Concluded at Alacovas, September 4, 1479. Ratification by Spain, March 6, 1480. [Ratification by Portugal, September 8, 1479.].” Pp. 33–48 in European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies (1917-1937), edited by F. G. Davenport and C. O. Paullin. Washington, District of Columbia: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
_____. [1494] 1917. “Doc 9: Treaty between Spain and Portugal Concluded at Tordesillas, June 7, 1494. Ratification by Spain, July 2, 1494 [Ratification by Portugal, September 5, 1494.].” Pp. 84–100 in European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies (1917-1937), edited by F. G. Davenport and C. O. Paullin. Washington, District of Columbia: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
Utterström, Gustaf. 1955. “Climatic Fluctuations and Populations Problems in Early Modern History.” Scandinavian Economic History Review 3(1):3–47.
Vattel, Emer de. [1758] 1844. The Law of Nations. T. & J. W. Johnson.
Velho, Alvaro, and João de Sá. 1898. A Journal of the First Voyage of Vasco Da Gama, 1497-1499. edited by E. G. Ravenstein. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society.
Vitoria, Francisco de. [1539] 1991. “On the American Indians (de Indies).” Pp. 231–92 in Vitoria, edited by A. Pagden and J. Lawrance. Cambridge University Press.
Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1974a. The Modern World-System I. San Diego: Academic Press.
_____. 1974b. “The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 16(4):387–415.
_____. 1983. Historical Capitalism. London: Verso.
_____. 1992. “The West, Capitalism, and the Modern World-System.” Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 15(4):561–619.
Wallerstein, Immanuel, and Anibal Quijano. 1992. “Americanity as a Concept, or the Americas in the Modern World-System.” International Social Science Journal XLIV(4):549–57.
Webb, Walter Prescott. 1954. “The Great Frontier.” The Georgia Review 8(1):17–28.
Wolford, Wendy. 2021. “The Plantationocene,” Annals of the American Association of Geographers 111(6):1622–39. doi: 10.1080/24694452.2020.1850231.
Wood, Ellen Meiksins. [1999] 2002. The Origin of Capitalism. London: Verso.
Wynter, Sylvia. 2003. “Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom.” CR: The New Centennial Review 3(3):257–337.
Yusoff, Kathryn. 2018. A Billion Black Anthropocenes or None. University of Minnesota Press.
Zandvliet, Kees. 1987. “Mapping the Dutch World Overseas in the Seventeenth Century.” Pp. 1433–62 in History of Cartography. Vol. 3, edited by D. Woodward. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Jeremy Santora
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.
