O Antropoceno Popular na (Des)Governança Global do Clima
Uma Análise das Estratégias de Mitigação da Emergência Climática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2025.1328Palavras-chave:
Antropoceno, Governança Global Do Clima, Emergência Climática, MitigaçãoResumo
A emergência climática ameaça, de forma existencial, milhões de espécies no Sistema Terra — incluindo a humana. Apesar do avanço da ciência do clima e da consolidação da governança global do clima — que institui processos, regras e acordos para delimitar estratégias de mitigação —, verifica-se uma aceleração dessa emergência no final do século 20 e início do 21. Simultaneamente, a concepção antropocêntrica popular, que apresenta uma narrativa-padrão sobre a gênese e os condicionantes da emergência climática, prepondera nos diálogos, negociações e estratégias da governança global do clima. Dessa forma, este artigo analisa se as proposições da governança global do clima, inspiradas no Antropoceno popular, são suficientes para delimitar estratégias de mitigação frente à aproximação de pontos de não retorno (tipping points). Elegem-se como critérios de investigação os axiomas intelectuais e ideológicos do Antropoceno popular: a métrica do carbono, o desenvolvimento sustentável e a economia verde. Reitera-se que as proposições antropocêntricas populares não são suficientes para estabelecer estratégias de mitigação eficazes, pois estão ancoradas na racionalidade moderna e no liberalismo reformista. Assim, visam a um “capitalismo sustentável” — um oxímoro, uma vez que uma relação metabólica equilibrada com a natureza se contrapõe à acumulação incessante de capital, a força motriz do capitalismo histórico.
Referências
Leite, Alexandre César Cunha, Elia Elisa Cia Alves, e Livia Picchi. 2020. “A Cooperação Multilateral Climática e a Promoção da Agenda da Transição Energética no Brasil.” Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente 54: 379-403. https://doi.org/10.5380/dma.v54i0.70349.
Angus, Ian. 2016. Facing the Anthropocene: Fossil Capitalism and the Crisis of the Earth System. NYU Press.
Aristóteles. 1913. A Política. Primeira edição. Editora Elo.
Bacon, Francis. 2002. A Sabedoria dos Antigos. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Barreto, Eduardo Sá. 2021. “Cúpula de Líderes sobre o Clima: Novidades, Velhas Novidades e a Mesma Marcha para o Abismo.” Marx e o Marxismo-Revista do NIEP-Marx 9(17).
Benedict, Kennette. 2015. Global Governance. Pergamon.
Bernstein, Steven. 1997. The Compromise of Liberal Environmentalism. PhD diss., Department of Political Science, University of Toronto.
_____. 2002. “Liberal Environmentalism and Global Environmental Governance.” Global Environmental Politics 2(3): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1162/152638002320310509
_____. 2013. “Rio+ 20: Sustainable Development in a Time of Multilateral Decline.” Global Environmental Politics 13(4): 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_e_00195
Braudel, Fernand. 1987. A Dinâmica do Capitalismo. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco.
Misoczky, Maria Ceci, e Steffen Böhm. 2012. “Do Desenvolvimento Sustentável à Economia Verde: A Constante e Acelerada Investida do Capital sobre a Natureza.” Cadernos Ebape.br 10: 546-568. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-39512012000300006
Böhm, Steffen, Maria Ceci Misoczky, e Sandra Moog. 2012. “Greening Capitalism? A Marxist Critique of Carbon Markets.” Organization Studies 33(11): 1617-1638. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840612463326
Bolin, Bert. 2007. A History of the Science and Politics of Climate Change: The Role of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
CMMAD. 1991. Nosso Futuro Comum. Comissão Mundial sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento. Rio de Janeiro: FGV.
Contipelli, Ernani de Paula. 2018. “Política Internacional Climática: Do Consenso Científico à Governança Global.” Direito e Desenvolvimento 9(2): 82-94.
Hansen, James, et al. 2023. “Global Warming in the Pipeline.” Oxford Open Climate Change 3(1). Retrieved December 14, 2023 (https://academic.oup.com/oocc/article/3/1/kgad008/7335889).
IPCC. 2023. “Summary for Policymakers.” In Climate Change 2023 — AR6 Synthesis Report: Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved December 20, 2023 (https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/).
_____. 2024. “History of the IPCC.” Retrieved February 1, 2024 (https://www.ipcc.ch/about/history/).
IUGS. 2024. "The Anthropocene: IUGS-ICS Statement." International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). Retrieved March 10, 2025 (https://www.iugs.org/post/the-anthropocene-iugs-ics-statement).
Keohane, Robert, e Joseph Nye. 2012. Power and Interdependence. Fourth edition.
Kyoto Protocol. 1998. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations.
Lander, Edgardo. 2011. La Economía Verde: El Lobo Se Viste Con Piel de Cordero. Transnational Institute.
Lenton, Timothy M., David I. Armstrong McKay, Susana Loriani, James F. Abrams, Steven J. Lade, Johann F. Donges, et al., eds. 2023. The Global Tipping Points Report 2023. University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Li, Minqi. 2020. “Anthropocene, Emissions Budget, and the Structural Crisis of the Capitalist World-System.” Journal of World-Systems Research 26(2): 288-317.
Mariutti, Eduardo Barros. 2020. Notas sobre o Conceito de Geocultura. Instituto de Economia, UNICAMP.
Marques, Luiz. 2018. Capitalismo e Colapso Ambiental. Editora da UNICAMP.
_____. 2023. O Decênio Decisivo — Propostas para uma Política de Sobrevivência. São Paulo: Elefante.
Moore, Jason W. 2017. “The Capitalocene Part I: On the Nature and Origins of Our Ecological Crisis.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 44(3): 594-630. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1235036
_____. 2018. “The Capitalocene Part II: Accumulation by Appropriation and the Centrality of Unpaid Work/Energy.” The Journal of Peasant Studies 45(2): 237-279. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1272587
_____. 2022. O Surgimento da Natureza Barata. Antropoceno ou Capitaloceno: Natureza, História e Crise do Capitalismo. São Paulo: Editora Elefante, 129-186.
Moreno, Camila. 2016. “As Roupas Verdes do Rei: Economia Verde, Uma Nova Forma de Acumulação Primitiva” In Descolonizar o Imaginário: Debates Sobre Pós-Extrativismo e Alternativas ao Desenvolvimento, 256-295. São Paulo: Fundação Rosa Luxemburgo.
Moreno, Camila, D. Speich, e Lili Fuhr. 2016. A Métrica do Carbono: Abstrações Globais e Epistemicídio Ecológico. Rio de Janeiro: Fundação Heinrich Böll.
NOAA. 2023a. “Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide.” Global Monitoring Laboratory — Earth System Research Laboratories. Retrieved December 14, 2023 (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/).
_____. 2023b. “What is the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)?” Retrieved February 9, 2024 (https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/amoc.html).
OMM. 2023. Provisional State of the Global Climate 2023. World Meteorological Organization Annual Report. Retrieved December 18, 2023 (https://wmo.int/files/provisional-state-of-global-climate-2023).
Paris Agreement. 2015. Paris Agreement to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations.
Prado, Fernando Corrêa. 2020. A Ideologia do Desenvolvimento e a Controvérsia da Dependência no Brasil Contemporâneo. Marília: Lutas Anticapital.
Steffen, Will, et al. 2005. Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure. Springer Science & Business Media.
Stern, Nicholas. 2006. Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change.
Svampa, Maristella. 2019. “El Antropoceno Como Diagnóstico y Paradigma — Lecturas Globales Desde el Sur.” Utopía y Praxis Latinoamericana 24(84): 33-54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2653161
Turpin, Jennifer. 2008. Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict. Elsevier. UN. 2012. The Future We Want. Rio20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A/CONF.216/L.1.
UNFCCC. 1992. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations.
Vossole, Jonas Van. 2013. “A Crise de Legitimidade da Governança Climática Global: Combinação de Uma Perspectiva Marxista e Polanyiana.” Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais 153-17. https://doi.org/10.4000/rccs.5275
Wallerstein, Immanuel. 2004. World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Duke University Press.
_____. 2011. The Modern World-System IV: Centrist Liberalism Triumphant, 1789–1914. University of California Press.
Zalasiewicz, Jan, Waters, Christopher N., Summerhayes, Colin P., Wolfe, Andrew P., Barnosky, Anthony D., Cearreta, Andrés, et al. 2017. “The Working Group on the Anthropocene: Summary of Evidence e Interim Recommendations.” Anthropocene 19: 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2017.09.001.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Paola Huwe de Paoli
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The Author retains copyright in the Work, where the term “Work” shall include all digital objects that may result in subsequent electronic publication or distribution.
- Upon acceptance of the Work, the author shall grant to the Publisher the right of first publication of the Work.
- The Author shall grant to the Publisher and its agents the nonexclusive perpetual right and license to publish, archive, and make accessible the Work in whole or in part in all forms of media now or hereafter known under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License or its equivalent, which, for the avoidance of doubt, allows others to copy, distribute, and transmit the Work under the following conditions:
- Attribution—other users must attribute the Work in the manner specified by the author as indicated on the journal Web site;
- The Author is able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the Work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), as long as there is provided in the document an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post online a prepublication manuscript (but not the Publisher’s final formatted PDF version of the Work) in institutional repositories or on their Websites prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. Any such posting made before acceptance and publication of the Work shall be updated upon publication to include a reference to the Publisher-assigned DOI (Digital Object Identifier) and a link to the online abstract for the final published Work in the Journal.
- Upon Publisher’s request, the Author agrees to furnish promptly to Publisher, at the Author’s own expense, written evidence of the permissions, licenses, and consents for use of third-party material included within the Work, except as determined by Publisher to be covered by the principles of Fair Use.
- The Author represents and warrants that:
- the Work is the Author’s original work;
- the Author has not transferred, and will not transfer, exclusive rights in the Work to any third party;
- the Work is not pending review or under consideration by another publisher;
- the Work has not previously been published;
- the Work contains no misrepresentation or infringement of the Work or property of other authors or third parties; and
- the Work contains no libel, invasion of privacy, or other unlawful matter.
- The Author agrees to indemnify and hold Publisher harmless from Author’s breach of the representations and warranties contained in Paragraph 6 above, as well as any claim or proceeding relating to Publisher’s use and publication of any content contained in the Work, including third-party content.
Revised 7/16/2018. Revision Description: Removed outdated link.
