Revisitando a Teoria dos Sistemas-Mundo na Era da Competição de Núcleo Duplo: Disrupção Tecnológica, Mudanças Institucionais e o Reposicionamento da Periferia
Technological Disruption, Institutional Shifts, and the Repositioning of the Periphery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2026.1352Palavras-chave:
Teoria dos Sistemas-Mundo, Rivalidade EUA–China, Descentralização, Desigualdade Global, Reestruturação TecnológicaResumo
Este estudo revisita a teoria dos sistemas-mundo de Immanuel Wallerstein para examinar sua relevância contemporânea em meio a mudanças nas estruturas de poder global, disrupção tecnológica e realinhamentos institucionais. Embora a estrutura núcleo–semiperiferia–periferia historicamente tenha oferecido uma lente convincente para compreender a desigualdade global, desenvolvimentos recentes, como a rivalidade econômica entre os Estados Unidos e a China, a inovação em moedas digitais e a governança financeira descentralizada, sugerem um sistema em evolução caracterizado por hierarquias difusas e competição de núcleo duplo. Por meio de uma combinação de revisão abrangente da literatura e análise empírica, este artigo explora como as tecnologias emergentes, os conflitos geopolíticos e o nacionalismo econômico estão remodelando as funções e a mobilidade dos Estados dentro do sistema global. Dá-se atenção especial à agência dos países semiperiféricos e periféricos que estão utilizando cada vez mais ferramentas digitais e reformas institucionais para se reposicionarem. Os resultados revelam que, embora o sistema global permaneça estruturalmente assimétrico, suas fronteiras estão se tornando mais fluidas, possibilitando novas formas de contestação, cooperação e risco sistêmico. Por fim, este estudo defende uma reavaliação crítica da teoria dos sistemas-mundo que integre dimensões tecnológicas, ideológicas e institucionais para melhor interpretar as dinâmicas globais contemporâneas.
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